The described case confirms an important role of a regular movement activity in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. In an obese patient with sufficient secretion of endogenous insulin it results not only in a potential withdrawal of insulinotherapy and its replacement by oral antidiabetics, but also in a weight loss, an improved control of diabetes, an improved fitness, a lowering of blood pressure, a decrease of serum lipids, hepatic transaminases and aminotransferases. The patient mostly valued the improved quality of his life after the weight loss, disappearance of hypoglycemias, the improved fitness and discontinuation of insulinotherapy.

Key words: obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, movement activity, discontinuation of insulinotherapy, insulin sensitizers, weight reduction, quality of life

Therapy of diabetic foot disease has to be complex with multidisciplinary collaboration. It is necessary not just treat infection and ischaemia, but also take care of sufficient offloading of the foot, be familiar with patient’s social situation and impeach factors of nutrition, because these factors have often been impaired in patients with chronic infection of diabetic foot. This patient, who has come to an bilateral amputation, demonstrates the influence of compliance and social and nutritional factors over the healing and reccurence of diabetic foot disease.

Key words: diabetic foot disease, offloading, nutritional and social status, amputation

We present a case of a female patient with long lasting unsatisfactory compensation of diabetes mellitus and late organ complications before planned pregnancy. Improved compensation after a switch from intensified regimen: insulin aspart (NovoRapid) and glargine (Lantus) to a treatment with insulin pump: insulin aspart (NovoRapid) was a significant precondition of a successful progress of the pregnancy, even in the presence of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.
A premature delivery of a fetus with symptoms of diabetic fetopathy occurred despite the satisfactory compensation during the treatment with insulin pump. 

Key words: diabetes mellitus type 1, pregnancy, insulin pump, insulin aspart (NovoRapid), diabetic fetopathy

Paper reports a patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 so far treated with medium-term human insulin in a conventional regimen of 2 daily doses of combined oral antidiabetics who was switched on the same regimen of biphasic insulin aspart, as well as the impact of this change on his metabolic compensation of diabetes mellitus and his daily life. 

Key words: diabetes mellitus type 2, conventional insulin regimen, premixed analogues, NovoMix 30

A case history of a patient with chronic pancreatitis and secondary diabetes mellitus and coeliakia. The chronic diarrhea, indigestion and progressive weight loss were present despite a compliance with a diabetic and gluten-free diet. A malabsorption syndrome and a villous duodenal atrophy were caused by small intestine bacterial overgrowth. The antibiotic treatment resulted in a remission of diarrhea and flatulence that was followed by a correction of the blood count, an increased weight and a correction of diabetic control. 

Key words: secondary diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, coeliakia, small intestine bacterial overgrowth

In family report there is presented the case of the six-year-old boy, who was being observed for the manifestation of praecox pubarche and for excessive growth of the figure. His clinical symptomts corresponded to the simple virilizing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. To confirm the given diagnose the patient was examined by the molecular genetic analysis of deficit 21-hydroxylase. After the basic DNA analysis the genotype of the boy was determined as the compound heterozygote carrying the chimeric CYP21P/CYP21 gene on the paternal allele and an unknown mutation on the maternal allele. Using the MLPA method and sequencing method of the CYP21 gene we defined atypical mutant allele with a large gene conversion on maternal allele (5'– untranslated region including the promotor and sequence of the 1. exon in the CYP21 gene). It was described that this type of allele significantly decreases the activity of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase enzyme (to 4–10 %), which results in the manifestation of more difficult form of CAH disease, mostly SV form. 

Key words: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, CYP21 gene, simple virilizing form

The paper reports a rare condition of congenital etiology that was initially manifested by a neonatal hypoglycemia in a healthy mature newborn. It was firstly assessed as a symptom of neonatal infection and it was treated symptomatically. Successive episodes of hypoglycemia resulted in a detailed examination and a correct diagnosis. Following adequate treatment the condition came under control. 

Key words: hypoglycemia, neonatal convulsions, hyperinsulinism, blockers of insulin secretion

Primary amenorhea is mostly dealt with by a pediatrician in cooperation with a pediatric gynecologist and/or pediatric endocrinologist. In endocrinology office for adult patients we encounter a secondary amenorhea caused by endocrinologic disorders – i.e. gonadotropins deficiency in expansive pituitary processes, or induced by disorders of thyroid or adrenal glands.
Sad to say, the presented case is an example of an underestimation of apparently mild but gradually increasing symptoms in a girl who was correctly diagnosed with a cyst of the 3^rd ventricle only after the manifestation of primary amenorhea. 

Key words: primary amenorhea, cyst of 3^rd ventricle

The article describes a case of severe hypokalemia with progressing muscle weakness and motility disorder in a female patient suffering from hyperthyreosis induced by thyroidal hormones doping abuse.

Key words: hypokalemia, muscle weakness, thyreotoxic periodic paralysis