We have been recently confronted with more and more pulmonary mycotic infections not only in immunocompromised patients but even in relatively immunocompetent patients. The paper documents the course of the recurrent pulmonary aspergillosis that manifested as a subacutely running infection, and which radiological image imitated an interstitial pulmonary affection. Pulmonary aspergillosis still has unfavourable prognosis despite expanding number of available antimycotic agents.

Key words: chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, interstitial pulmonary process, HRCT

Authors present a rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a 14 years old girl from Somalia. She was admitted to the Pediatric department of Thomayer Teaching Hospital in a serious status for large multicystic intraabdominal expansion suspicious from tumor. Histological and microbiological findings confirmed tuberculous etiology, which corresponded with positive tuberculin test. The diagnosis of tuberculosis of mesenterial lymphnodes with peritoneal ascites was set down. Reservoir of the infection was not found. The treatment with combination of four antituberculous drugs was complicated by transient hepatopathy and coagulopathy. The treatment was therefore temporary stopped. Its renewal proved after two months of duration an ameliorated clinical status and an improved result of NMR. The treatment was finished after nine month. This girl actually lives in Nigeria. As for report of her father she feels good and her abdomen sonography is physiological.

Key words: extrapulmonary tuberculosis, TBC of mesenterial lymphnodes, TBC peritonitis, therapy of TBC

The presenting paper proves, that patients with difficult-to-treat bronchial as­thma can sometimes suffer from comorbidities, which unable or even preclude successful treatment.

Key words: difficult-to-treat bronchial asthma, tracheobronchial dyskinesia

The presented paper demonstrates the importance of an allergologic examination in every asthmatic patient. In clinical practice it is desirable to perform it when taking a new patient and furthermore if patient’s asthma becomes uncontrolled for unknown reasons – regardless to age, as it is shown in our female patient’s case.
The paper points out to the fact that any allergologic examination is based on a careful patient’s history. The range of allergic expositions may be hidden, indirect and in some conditions the cross allergy may play role. Problems may be caused – at first glance surprisingly – by an allergen that the patient has never met before.

Key words: bronchial asthma, allergy, cross allergy, phenotypization of asthma

Despite high vaccination rates among the population in the Czech Republic, the incidence of pertussis since the nineties is increasing. In older age groups, the numbers of properly vaccinated persons decrease. Persons born before 1958 are not vaccinated. Case report discusses 54 year old patient with pollinosis, in which during pertussis infection, clinically manifested bronchial asthma. For the upward trend in the incidence of pertussis is necessary to think of this infection for the allergic and asthmatic symptoms appearing suddenly with coughing.

Key words: pertussis, hey fever, bronchial asthma

Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of unilateral edema of submandibular salivary gland. It affects 1.2% of population. Lithiasis causes a mechanical obstruction of the ductal system of the affected salivary gland, manifested as recurrent edemas that develop during eating. The standard treatment is a surgical removal of the affected salivary gland. Recently miniinvasive techniques have broken even into the treatment of sialolithiasis. One of the methods used in the treatment of sialolithiasis of submandibular salivary gland is so called transoral resection of salivary stone, which is beneficial in the preservation of salivary gland together with its function.

Key words: submandibular salivary gland, sialolithiasis

Authors present a case history of a 52-years-old male patient with bilateral pneumonia which resulted in respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. DNA sequencing revealed non-neoformans cryptococcus, Cryptococcus carnescens as a major pathogen. A rare form of acute myeloid leukemia was a reason of severe immunodeficiency in this patient.

Key words: Cryptococcus carnescens, acute myeloid leukemia, DNA sequencing

Inhalation trauma represents a significant factor in the prediction of infectious complications in lower airways. Infectious complications predominantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of severely burned patients. Multiresistant tribes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria begin to grow in importance in patients with thermal trauma in the new millennium. Tigecycline is a new semisyntetic antibiotic agent from a family of glycylcyclines. In the Czech Republic, the product has been so far approved particularly for complicated skin infections and infections of soft tissues along with complicated intraabdominal infections. Increasing number of papers declaring the efficacy of tigecyclines in the treatment of pneumonias and other infections may lead to an extension of primary indications of this product.

Key words: inhalation trauma, ventilator-associated pneumonia, tigecycline

The pleural mesothelioma is a high malignant tumor with bad prognosis. Current treatment is not too effective and survival time from diagnosis is only about 12 months. One cause is a detection of mesothelioma in later stages of the disease. In present time possibilities of earlier diagnostics of mesothelioma are searching. New biomarkers – megakaryocyte potentiating factor, osteopontin and particularly mesothelin seem to be hopeful. The mesothelin is a surface protein of mesothelial cells. Its hyperexpression on the surface of tumor cells is present in some tumors and its form – soluble mesothelin is secreted to blood and detected by diagnostic assays. It seems, this biomarker would be effective not only in diagnostics of the mesothelioma, but as a predictive and prognostic factor too. It would serve as a marker of disease progression and treatment response and helpful marker in differential diagnostics of pleural effusion.

Key words: mesothelin, pleural mesothelioma, diagnostic assay MESOMARK

Author describes a case of a patient who was sent to a pulmonary examination because of a suspicion of a lung tumour with a penetration to the thoracic wall. After a detailed examination the suspicion of the tumoural expansion in the area of thoracal and abdominal wall with a central necrosis and osteolysis of a contigous part of the rib. During the operation was histologicaly detected a glomangion. In this localization and with such an aggressive manifestation this finding is quite rare.

Key words: glomangiom, osteolysis, hemangiom